Answers : Q 14-16

 

Answer :

Question Number 14

Correct Answer: B

Explanation:
In pregnancy venostasis is a most controllable factor in preventing venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Pregnant women are susceptible to venostasis in the lower extremities, because the gravid uterus interrupts flow through the iliac veins and inferior vena cava. The primary means of alleviating venostasis is elastic compression of the legs. Elastic bandages are usually recommended to compress all varices from the time they appear until after delivery. In addition to elastic support, the patient is instructed to avoid prolonged standing. Frequent elevation of the legs and leg exercises have also been

 

Question Number 15

Correct Answer: C

Explanation:
Lymphatic filariasis is caused by a nematodal infection with Wuchereria or Brugia species. It occurs in endemic areas throughout the tropical parts of the world, with a predilection for developing countries where poor socioeconomic conditions are favorable for mosquito vector breeding. A definitive diagnosis often depends on the parasitologic demonstration of the microfilariae in the blood. Presentation may vary from very insidious to severe. Pitting edema progresses to brawny edema, and thickening of subcutaneous tissue and hyperkeratosis. In many areas the most common chronic manifestation is a hydrocele. Annual single-dose co-administration of two drugs (ivermectin + albendazole) reduces blood microfilariae by 99% for a full year; even a single dose of one drug administered annually can result in 90% Effective diagnosis of infection with these parasites is required both for administration of drugs to infected individuals and for monitoring of control programs. There has been considerable effort expended in developing other forms of diagnosis, in particular immunoassays for measuring antibody and circulating parasite antigen as well as molecular-biology-based assays for detecting parasite DNA

 

Question Number 16

Correct Answer: E

Explanation:
Systemic mastocytosis results in mast cell infiltration of the skin, gastrointestinal mucosa, liver, and spleen. Cutaneous manifestations include small, reddish-brown papules which would be characterized histopathologically as having excess numbers of mast cells. Histamine-mediated hypersecretion of gastric acid accounts for an increased incidence of gastritis and peptic ulcers in patients with systemic mastocytosis. Bone pain, organomegaly, or lymphadenopathy may also be seen. In addition to documentation of mast cells in various organs, biochemical confirmation can be made by urine collection for histamine metabolites or by measuring increased blood levels of histamine or mast cell-derived neutral protease tryptase. Mast cell disease may be indolentor more aggressive characterized by mast cell infiltration of liver and spleen that may lead to mast cell leukemia